According to Keith Davis Morale means “the attitude of employees and group towards their work environment and toward voluntary cooperation to the full extent of their ability in the best interests of the organization.”
According to Morris Viteles “Morale refers to the condition of a group where there are clear and fixed group goals that are felt to be important and integrated with individual goals where there is confidence in the attainment of these goals and the confidence in the means of attainment in the leader, associates and finally in one self.”
Morale indicates the happiness of the employees with the organizational environment. It also refers to the preparedness of the group of the employees to subordinate the individual and the group goals to the goals of the organization.
Morale essentially is akin to job satisfaction. It represents the integration of an individual with the team and the organization itself. Generally it can be said that morale has a positive relationship with productivity. The higher the morale the higher is the productivity. However, this need not always is so, as can be seen from the following graph
In the above graph
Curve-A represents high morale; low productivity;
Curve-B represents high morale and high productivity; and
Curve-C represents high productivity;
High productivity involves a combination of ability, training, work habits, performance goals etc. Curve ‘A’ above where morale is high but productivity is low indicates the management’s failure in the proper discharge of management function: - chiefly the planning function.
Productivity can be high in spite of morale being low because of the rigid systems and controls imposed by the management.
The situations where productivity is higher in spite of morale being low or productivity being lower in spite of morale being high do not last long. In the first situation productivity is high because of the strict management controls and close supervision. It also happens in an atmosphere where the people are treated as machines. In this situation the management is apparently creating discontent in the organization which may blow up in its face. When this happens the productivity also dips.
In the second situation when morale is high but productivity is low, slowly people distance themselves from Organization because of the disillusionment about the management abilities. In this situation after sometime the morale might start coming down. Thus in both these situations ultimately morale as well as productivity are at their nadir.
Every manager is always interested in curve ‘B’ indicating high morale as well as productivity. But morale is not a static phenomenon. Today the morale is high but something may go wrong and the morale might start coming down.
According to Morris Viteles “Morale refers to the condition of a group where there are clear and fixed group goals that are felt to be important and integrated with individual goals where there is confidence in the attainment of these goals and the confidence in the means of attainment in the leader, associates and finally in one self.”
Morale indicates the happiness of the employees with the organizational environment. It also refers to the preparedness of the group of the employees to subordinate the individual and the group goals to the goals of the organization.
Morale essentially is akin to job satisfaction. It represents the integration of an individual with the team and the organization itself. Generally it can be said that morale has a positive relationship with productivity. The higher the morale the higher is the productivity. However, this need not always is so, as can be seen from the following graph
Curve-A represents high morale; low productivity;
Curve-B represents high morale and high productivity; and
Curve-C represents high productivity;
High productivity involves a combination of ability, training, work habits, performance goals etc. Curve ‘A’ above where morale is high but productivity is low indicates the management’s failure in the proper discharge of management function: - chiefly the planning function.
Productivity can be high in spite of morale being low because of the rigid systems and controls imposed by the management.
The situations where productivity is higher in spite of morale being low or productivity being lower in spite of morale being high do not last long. In the first situation productivity is high because of the strict management controls and close supervision. It also happens in an atmosphere where the people are treated as machines. In this situation the management is apparently creating discontent in the organization which may blow up in its face. When this happens the productivity also dips.
In the second situation when morale is high but productivity is low, slowly people distance themselves from Organization because of the disillusionment about the management abilities. In this situation after sometime the morale might start coming down. Thus in both these situations ultimately morale as well as productivity are at their nadir.
Every manager is always interested in curve ‘B’ indicating high morale as well as productivity. But morale is not a static phenomenon. Today the morale is high but something may go wrong and the morale might start coming down.
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